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What are Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies?

Cryptocurrency and blockchain are two key concepts that have revolutionized the digital world. A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security. The most notable and first-ever cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, which was invented in 2009 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The goal of Bitcoin's creation was to establish a decentralized form of currency, not controlled by any government or central authority.

Bitcoin transactions occur on a technology called blockchain, which is essentially a public ledger containing all transaction data from anyone who uses bitcoin. Transactions are added to "blocks" or the links of code that make up the chain, and each transaction must be recorded on a block.

Key features of Bitcoin and blockchain technology include:​

  • Fast and Transparent Transactions: Bitcoin allows for the swift and transparent transfer of money. Every transaction is recorded on the blockchain, making it traceable and transparent.

  • Peer-to-Peer Transactions: Bitcoin transactions occur directly between peers, without the need for an intermediary like a bank or payment gateway.

  • Decentralized Network: Bitcoin operates on a decentralized network, meaning it's not controlled by any government, bank, or organization.

  • Pre-set Bitcoin Emission: The issuance of Bitcoin is predetermined, it's not dependent on any authority or organization. There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoins.

  • Pseudo-anonymous Usage: Bitcoin transactions can be carried out in a pseudo-anonymous manner. While the transaction details are public, the identities of the parties involved are pseudonymous.

  • High Volatility: Bitcoin, like other cryptocurrencies, is known for its high volatility, meaning its value can increase or decrease dramatically in a very short period.